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The slim possibility exists that your hair might grow faster during one part of the moon's cycle than another, but this is just something that would just even out over the month. Measuring hair accurately and repeatably is hard enough - trying to measure on a daily basis would be pretty much impossible.

There is no mechanism for your hair roots to know when you have cut your hair and to respond. Cutting has no effect on growth. Only things like hormones and seasons of the year will affect the growth rate of your hair, provided you eat an adequate diet.